Protein Information (annotations from UniProt)
| Database ID | HIV0002491 |
| UniProt ID | Q15669 |
| Primary gene name(s) | RHOH |
| Synonym gene name(s) | ARHH, TTF |
| Protein name | Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoH |
| Protein function | Negative regulator of hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation, survival and migration. Critical regulator of thymocyte development and T-cell antigen receptor, TCR signaling by mediating recruitment and activation of ZAP70. Required for phosphorylation of CD3Z, membrane translocation of ZAP70 and subsequent activation of the ZAP70-mediated pathways. Essential for efficient beta-selection and positive selection by promoting the ZAP70-dependent phosphorylation of the LAT signalosome during pre-TCR and TCR signaling. Crucial for thymocyte maturation during DN3 to DN4 transition and during positive selection. Plays critical roles in mast cell function by facilitating phosphorylation of SYK in Fc epsilon RI-mediated signal transduction. Essential for the phosphorylation of LAT, LCP2, PLCG1 and PLCG2 and for Ca(2+ mobilization in mast cells, By similarity. Binds GTP but lacks intrinsic GTPase activity and is resistant to Rho-specific GTPase-activating proteins. Inhibits the activation of NF-kappa-B by TNF and IKKB and the activation of CRK/p38 by TNF. Inhibits activities of RAC1, RHOA and CDC42. Negatively regulates leukotriene production in neutrophils. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11809807, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19414807}. |
| Subcellular location | Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11809807, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19414807}. Cell membrane {ECO:0000250}; Lipid-anchor {ECO:0000250}; Cytoplasmic side {ECO:0000250}. Note=Colocalizes together with ZAP70 in the immunological synapse. {ECO:0000250}. |
| ECO code | Click here for more information. |
| Amino acid sequence FASTA format: Q15669 |
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| Gene Ontology (Biological Process) Complete annatation | mast cell activation [GO:0045576]; negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling [GO:0043124]; regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction [GO:0051056]; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated [GO:0006355]; small GTPase mediated signal transduction [GO:0007264]; T cell differentiation [GO:0030217] |
| Gene Ontology (Molecular Function) Complete annatation | GTPase inhibitor activity [GO:0005095]; GTP binding [GO:0005525]; kinase inhibitor activity [GO:0019210]; Rho GTPase binding [GO:0017048] |
| Gene Ontology (Cellular Component) Complete annatation | cytoplasm [GO:0005737]; cytosol [GO:0005829]; immunological synapse [GO:0001772]; plasma membrane [GO:0005886] |
| Protein-protein interaction | 106892 |
| Phylogenetic tree | Q15669 |
| HIV replication factor status |
Zhou et al., Cell. Host. Microbe., 2008 unknown Brass et al., Science, 2008 unknown Smith et al., J. Immunol, 2010 unknown |
| Interferon-stimulated gene status |
Lu et al., J. Virol., 2011 Folds changes 8h: unknown; Folds changes 16h: unknown; Tested: unknown; Schoggins JW and Rice CM, Curr. Opin. Virol., 2011 Targeted viruses: unknown Viral life cycle: unknown Mechanism related to antiviral activity: unknown |
| Anti-viral restriction factor |
Liu et al., Retrovirology, 2011 unknown (Triplicates) |
Gene Expression Profile top
Up-regulated; 
Down-regulated
For brief introduction to each study, please go to the help page.
Gene expression during HIV latency
| (1). Mohammadi et al., PLoS Pathog., 2014 Differentially expressed transcripts (Pairwise) during latency and subsequent viral reactivation using several agents - Primary CD4+ T-cell based model DMSO: Dimethyl suloxyde (negative control) - 0.0033% final SAHA: Vorinostat (Histone deacetylase inhibitor) - 0.5 μM CD3: TCR Stimulation by IL-2+ antiCD3/anti-CD28 antibodies IL7: Interleukin-7 based stimulation DISU: Disulfiram (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor) - 0.5 μM AZA: 5-azacytidine (AZA; DNA methylation inhibitor) - 1 μM |
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| Experimental Condition | Log2 Fold Change | P value | Adjusted P value |
| AZA vs. CD3 | -0.84637458243508 | 0.0107530042275552 | 0.0277088869409663 |
| AZA vs. DISU | -0.324140962820943 | 0.200427162693068 | 0.790976860865562 |
| AZA vs. IL7 | 0.0929328289183617 | 0.628909795177859 | 0.999311006273513 |
| AZA vs. SAHA | -0.105106026393634 | 0.667485183430662 | 0.901164387510101 |
| DISU vs. CD3 | 0.509964074671998 | 0.163601989290575 | 0.273205476093943 |
| DISU vs. IL7 | 0.408287987958499 | 0.105602510125038 | 0.427199793530442 |
| DISU vs. SAHA | 0.220266858666296 | 0.451526239458421 | 0.793300258122994 |
| DMSO vs. AZA | -0.0338367254671356 | 0.840087888810427 | 1 |
| DMSO vs. CD3 | 0.798223238937797 | 0.013516535982214 | 0.0321990219120896 |
| DMSO vs. DISU | 0.287588258539326 | 0.238983922615519 | 0.756203026523891 |
| DMSO vs. IL7 | 0.134528339783364 | 0.454505921468472 | 0.870938955909142 |
| DMSO vs. SAHA | -0.0772184284649909 | 0.743644504236357 | 0.924937387418184 |
| HIV vs. Mock in Activation | -0.152012443197189 | 0.807038327355637 | 0.999983755607037 |
| HIV vs. Mock in Latency | -0.242875214254137 | 0.14221370527922 | 0.999834320637052 |
| IL7 vs. CD3 | 0.94770777004478 | 0.00358958262438147 | 0.0126859973967883 |
| SAHA vs. CD3 | 0.716309602097021 | 0.0437112493874767 | 0.0888133380435856 |
| SAHA vs. IL7 | -0.201448329799048 | 0.408936583193012 | 0.654827288386667 |
| (2). Iglesias-Ussel et al., J. Virol., 2013 Up and Downregulated transcripts during Latency (Latently infected CD4+ T cells vs Uninfected)- Primary CD4+Tcell based model |
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| Log2 Fold Change | P Value | ||
| 0.3238 | 0.03192 | ||
Gene expression during HIV infection and replication
| (1). Imbeault et al., PloS Pathog., 2012 Transcriptomic profiling of HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells - Primary CD4+ T cells |
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| Experiment type | Log2 Fold Change | P Value | Adjusted P Value | ||
| Infected vs. Mock | unknown | unknown | unknown | ||
| Infected vs. Bystander | unknown | unknown | unknown | ||
| (2). Lefebvre et al., J. Virol., 2011 Transcriptome analysis of T-cell line (Sup T1) |
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| Log2 Fold Change | unknown | ||||
| (3). Li et al., J. Immunol., 2013 Lymphatic tissue |
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| Acute Fold Change | Acute P Value | Asymt Fold Change | Asypt P Value | AIDS Fold Change | AIDS P Value |
| unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown |
| (4). Chang et al., MBio., 2011 Transcriptome analysis of T-cell line (Sup T1) Derived from Sherrill-Mix et al., BMC Retrovirol., 2015 cross validation |
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| Up-regulated (True) | FALSE | ||||
| (5). Sherrill-Mix et al., BMC Retrovirol., 2015 Deep RNA-seq analysis of primary human T cell infected with low passage HIV isolate HIV89.6 - Primary CD4+ T cell based |
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| Test Status | Log2 Fold Change | P Value | |||
| OK | -0.315301 | 0.0762453 | |||
| (6). Rotger et al., PLoS Pathog., 2010 Genome-wide mRNA expression of CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected patient (Genes differentially expressed (at adjusted p<0.01) according to the empirical Bayes approach) |
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| Log2 Fold Change | P Value | ||||
| unknown | unknown | ||||
Proteomic/Transcriptomics studies indicating differentially expressed genes mediated by HIV
| (1). Greenwood et al., Elife, 2016 Activated (CD3/CD28) Primary human CD4+ T cells infected with pNL4-3-dE-EGFP. The table shows the complete (unfiltered) TMT (tandem mass tag)-based proteomic time course dataset |
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| 6 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | RTi | ||
| 0.707 | 1.064 | 0.862 | 0.999 | 1.605 | ||
| (2). Navare et al., Virology, 2012 SUP-T1 cell line |
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| FC-4hpi | P-value | FC-8hpi | P-value | FC-20hpi | P-value | Category |
| unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown |
| (3). Hyrcza et al., J. Virolo., 2007 Primary human CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells |
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| Affymetrix Prob ID | Fold Change | In CD8? | Category | |||
| 204951_at | 1.58 | No | downregulated in CD8+ cells | |||
Protein Overview top
Drug-protein Interaction (annotations from DrugBank) top
Protein Secondary Structure (annotations from PDB) top
HIV-1 Interaction (annotations from NCBI HIV-1 Interaction Database) top
Metabolic/Signalling Pathway (annotations from KEGG database) top
| Pathway Accession Number | Description |
|---|---|
| hsa04670 | Leukocyte transendothelial migration - Homo sapiens (human) |
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